Nematodes

Oak

Goliathus
I found a few of these in my sub. I heard if found 10 or more, it's dangerous to the larva.

But in one of Peter's video it says "They aren't usually a danger to healthy pet bugs, but sick or already dying specimens are at risk". My question is, where the hell do these guys come from? And how do you 100% get rid of them?

 
This is a good question that can open an interesting discussion. I would like to see other people's comments and experiences regarding this issue.

To my understanding nematode eggs are found in decomposing organic substrate - rotting leaves, decomposing wood, compost and soil. Just the stuff that our beetle larvae like to live in and feed on. I have never had a problem with the presence of nematodes in my larvae containers. The larvae just didn't seem to mind (but then again - maybe it was because they were healthy). Nematodes do pose a threat when they are in extremely high numbers, when you can actually see them forming white or yellowish clusters of worms. At this stage they speed up the decomposition process of the substrate, making it very soggy and unsuitable for the larvae to occupy and feed on. I still do not think that the worms themselves cause damage to the larvae (unless we are talking about parasitic nematodes - these are not that common).

It is difficult to 100% get rid of the worms. There will always be some viable eggs in any type of substrate (even moss, dung, some rotting fruits). The best method is to probably heat-treat the substrate before adding to the larvae's container.

Again, this is based on my experience. I would definitely like to hear what others have to say.

 
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I have not had any issues with nematodes being present in my substrate--they seem to be present in the largest numbers when there is something decaying in the substrate. They appear to have no negative effects with both healthy eggs and larvae with my beetles, but will appear in huge numbers when an egg or larva dies and begins to decay.

They don't seem to be visible in any numbers when the substrate has nothing rotting in it, and I doubt you'd be able to get rid of the nematodes completely. Nematodes are one of the most common organisms in any substrate and can be found living in and on organisms such as the larvae themselves. Should you be able to find a way to remove the nematodes from your rearing containers, you're likely to end up reintroducing them sooner or later.

 
It is difficult to control them because all substrate must be treated before use. Nematods are responsible for much of the "mysterious" die off of larvae and pupae but some species and rearing methods are more or less susceptible.

 
Saw some when i was checking my larva.

I'm going to sub change in like 3 weeks or so, so will it be fine to just leave my larva there?

Also, someone said,to completely get rid of them i should treat the sub, and wash the larva in water..

 
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I think washing the larvae can cause them unwanted stress... You can do more damage than help. I have never done it with my larvae. In addition, nematodes are small enough that they might be actually hiding within folds on the larva's body (between segments) or in between the mouthparts.

 
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I've never had problems with nematodes in my substrates even though I never "treat" any substrate before use (though I do pick out any obvious "problem" beasties while doing the chopping and seiving). I have been sent larvae in substrate which has had nematode problems, in my experience they are very poor quality / damp / degraded substrates which I would never keep larvae in myself.

If you stick to using good quality substrate you should not have any problems, untreated substrate will contain nematodes but also nematode predators which should stop the nematode population booming.

 
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I have nematode issues every year with my D. granti eggs if I don't pull them out soon enough. I only use standard topsoil as the egg-laying medium though, purchased from a garden store and while it looks rather like "clean" dirt, it seems to have nematodes at some stage...each year, because I see them later. I often dig up my eggs in batches of 30 or so, once every six weeks or so in the spring. The nematodes will attack healthy eggs in a large tank of rather sterile substrate. When your adult female dies, I recommend removing the eggs of anything you aren't trying to overwinter. I usually overwinter my D. granti eggs and if I wait to long to dig them up for incubation in the spring, they succumb to nematodes that eventually crawl right in and party for a month or two. Mites seem to only suck on them a little bit at most or just hang out on the surface, waiting for a ride somewhere, perhaps. I've not noticed mites to actually kill an egg, but they are very commonly found on the eggs. I've tested a few out that have been found with mites and even kept with mites and they all hatched w/o issue. Seems strange, but then again I suspect these are offspring of the mites that came in on the adult beetles. Anybody whose had adult WC D. granti has probably seen these mites. The egg mites will reproduce themselves somehow w/o having done damage to the eggs so they are feeding on something. They are quite large and white and seem not to be found anywhere else but in association with the adult beetles or eggs, neither of which do they seem to harm in my experience.

When you harvest your eggs, inspect them. Then move them to a sterile substrate like coconut fiber to incubate if they are good. Simple.

 
It's possible that garden store soil also has "beneficial" nematodes used to control pest invertebrates. In the greenhouse I work in we used nematodes to control Otiorhynchus weevils and we were able to observe the larvae and pupae get attacked and turn to mush.

 
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