soil types

Something I find a bit confusing is the difference between different soil types -- flake soil, hummus, black soil, etc. Does anyone have some kind of guide explaining them? Thank you!

 
Flake soil is a homemade way of creating decayed wood. This usually involves buying hardwood sawdust and fermenting it with yeast and wheat bran for a few months. This is the most basic beetle food but is easy to make consistently.

Black soil is a darker, much more decayed version of flake soil. This process takes a few more months and usually involves the addition of extra additives (wheat bran) during the fermentation process. Black soil is mostly used for beetles like Dynastidae that prefer a more decayed form of wood.

Kinshi is flake soil seeded with mushroom spores in a home or lab environment. It involves buying spore seeds online and adding them to hardwood sawdust. 

Humus usually refers to forest humus, a mixture of primarily decayed leaves and wood bits collected from the top of the forest floor. This has different organic materials at different levels of decay and is a good substrate for a lot of cetoniinae. It must be collected from outside.

There is also white rot wood, referring to hardwood that has been decomposed by mushrooms and has a sponge like texture. It can be used for most Lucanidae and is collected from forests outside.

 
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